Workaround pip bug installing latest treq and not-latest twisted from hashes (#12439)

The requirements file generated by `poetry export` isn't correctly processed by `pip install -r requirements.txt`. It contains twisted and treq, both pinned to 22.2.0.

When `pip` installs treq, it notices that `Twisted[tls]` is required. It then tries to acquire the latest twisted release, only to fail (because this hash isn't listed in the requirements file).From e.g. https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/runs/5977154990?check_suite_focus=true

> ```
> #15 9.204 Collecting Twisted[tls]>=18.7.0
> #15 9.205 ERROR: In --require-hashes mode, all requirements must have their versions pinned with ==. These do not:
> #15 9.205     Twisted[tls]>=18.7.0 from 38622ff95be907db1987c4d92edd09/Twisted-22.4.0-py3-none-any.whl#sha256=f9f7a91f94932477a9fc3b169d57f54f96c6e74a23d78d9ce54039a7f48928a2 (from treq==22.2.0->-r /synapse/requirements.txt (line 724))
> #15 ERROR: executor failed running [/bin/sh -c pip install --prefix="/install" --no-warn-script-location -r /synapse/requirements.txt]: exit code: 1
> ```

The underlying pip issue is https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/9644. A comment notes that one can avoid this behaviour with by `pip install`ing with the `--no-deps` flag. Let us do so.

(At first glance, the problem looks like https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/5311, but that was a bug in `poetry install`; this is `poetry export`, whose behaviour is fine AFAICS).

changelog.d/12439.misc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Bundle locked versions of dependencies into the Docker image.

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ RUN \
 # This is aiming at installing the `[tool.poetry.depdendencies]` from pyproject.toml.
 COPY --from=requirements /synapse/requirements.txt /synapse/
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/pip \
-  pip install --prefix="/install" --no-warn-script-location -r /synapse/requirements.txt
+  pip install --prefix="/install" --no-deps --no-warn-script-location -r /synapse/requirements.txt
 
 # Copy over the rest of the synapse source code.
 COPY synapse /synapse/synapse/