* Enable Complement tests for Faster Remote Room Joins on worker-mode

* (dangerous) Add an override to allow Complement to use FRRJ under workers

* Newsfile

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <oliverw@matrix.org>

* Fix race where we didn't send out replication notification

* MORE HACKS

* Fix get_un_partial_stated_rooms_token to take instance_name

* Fix bad merge

* Remove warning

* Correctly advance un_partial_stated_room_stream

* Fix merge

* Add another notify_replication

* Fixups

* Create a separate ReplicationNotifier

* Fix test

* Fix portdb

* Create a separate ReplicationNotifier

* Fix test

* Fix portdb

* Fix presence test

* Newsfile

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Update changelog.d/14752.misc

Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>

* lint

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <oliverw@matrix.org>
Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>

This ensures that all other workers are told about stream updates in a timely manner, without having to remember to manually poke replication.

This creates a new store method, `process_replication_position` that
is called after `process_replication_rows`. By moving stream ID advances
here this guarantees any relevant cache invalidations will have been
applied before the stream is advanced.

This avoids race conditions where Python switches between threads mid
way through processing the `process_replication_rows` method where stream
IDs may be advanced before caches are invalidated due to class resolution
ordering.

See this comment/issue for further discussion:
	https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14158#issuecomment-1344048703

* Declare new config

* Parse new config

* Read new config

* Don't use trial/our TestCase where it's not needed

Before:

```
$ time trial tests/events/test_utils.py > /dev/null

real	0m2.277s
user	0m2.186s
sys	0m0.083s
```

After:
```
$ time trial tests/events/test_utils.py > /dev/null

real	0m0.566s
user	0m0.508s
sys	0m0.056s
```

* Helper to upsert to event fields

without exceeding size limits.

* Use helper when adding invite/knock state

Now that we allow admins to include events in prejoin room state with
arbitrary state keys, be a good Matrix citizen and ensure they don't
accidentally create an oversized event.

* Changelog

* Move StateFilter tests

should have done this in #14668

* Add extra methods to StateFilter

* Use StateFilter

* Ensure test file enforces typed defs; alphabetise

* Workaround surprising get_current_state_ids

* Whoops, fix mypy

* Add tests for StreamIdGenerator

* Drive-by: annotate all defs

* Revert "Revert "Remove slaved id tracker (#14376)" (#14463)"

This reverts commit d63814fd736fed5d3d45ff3af5e6d3bfae50c439, which in
turn reverted 36097e88c4. This restores
the latter.

* Fix StreamIdGenerator not handling unpersisted IDs

Spotted by @erikjohnston.

Closes #14456.

* Changelog

Co-authored-by: Nick Mills-Barrett <nick@fizzadar.com>
Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>

Remove type hints from comments which have been added
as Python type hints. This helps avoid drift between comments
and reality, as well as removing redundant information.

Also adds some missing type hints which were simple to fill in.

This reverts commit 36097e88c4.

This matches the multi instance writer ID generator class which can
both handle advancing the current token over replication and by calling
the database.

Fix MSC3030 `/timestamp_to_event` endpoint returning `outliers` that it has no idea whether are near a gap or not (and therefore unable to determine whether it's actually the closest event). The reason Synapse doesn't know whether an `outlier` is next to a gap is because our gap checks rely on entries in the `event_edges`, `event_forward_extremeties`, and `event_backward_extremities` tables which is [not the case for `outliers`](2c63cdcc3f/docs/development/room-dag-concepts.md (outliers)).

Also fixes MSC3030 Complement `can_paginate_after_getting_remote_event_from_timestamp_to_event_endpoint` test flake.  Although this acted flakey in Complement, if `sync_partial_state` raced and beat us before `/timestamp_to_event`, then even if we retried the failing `/context` request it wouldn't work until we made this Synapse change. With this PR, Synapse will never return an `outlier` event so that test will always go and ask over federation.

Fix  https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13944


### Why did this fail before? Why was it flakey?

Sleuthing the server logs on the [CI failure](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/actions/runs/3149623842/jobs/5121449357#step:5:5805), it looks like `hs2:/timestamp_to_event` found `$NP6-oU7mIFVyhtKfGvfrEQX949hQX-T-gvuauG6eurU` as an `outlier` event locally. Then when we went and asked for it via `/context`, since it's an `outlier`, it was filtered out of the results -> `You don't have permission to access that event.`

This is reproducible when `sync_partial_state` races and persists `$NP6-oU7mIFVyhtKfGvfrEQX949hQX-T-gvuauG6eurU` as an `outlier` before we evaluate `get_event_for_timestamp(...)`. To consistently reproduce locally, just add a delay at the [start of `get_event_for_timestamp(...)`](cb20b885cb/synapse/handlers/room.py (L1470-L1496)) so it always runs after `sync_partial_state` completes.

```py
from twisted.internet import task as twisted_task
d = twisted_task.deferLater(self.hs.get_reactor(), 3.5)
await d
```

In a run where it passes, on `hs2`, `get_event_for_timestamp(...)` finds a different event locally which is next to a gap and we request from a closer one from `hs1` which gets backfilled. And since the backfilled event is not an `outlier`, it's returned as expected during `/context`.

With this PR, Synapse will never return an `outlier` event so that test will always go and ask over federation.

Fix https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13856
Fix https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13865

> Discovered while trying to make Synapse fast enough for [this MSC2716 test for importing many batches](https://github.com/matrix-org/complement/pull/214#discussion_r741678240). As an example, disabling the `have_seen_event` cache saves 10 seconds for each `/messages` request in that MSC2716 Complement test because we're not making as many federation requests for `/state` (speeding up `have_seen_event` itself is related to https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13625) 
> 
> But this will also make `/messages` faster in general so we can include it in the [faster `/messages` milestone](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/milestone/11).
> 
> *-- https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13856*


### The problem

`_invalidate_caches_for_event` doesn't run in monolith mode which means we never even tried to clear the `have_seen_event` and other caches. And even in worker mode, it only runs on the workers, not the master (AFAICT).

Additionally there was bug with the key being wrong so `_invalidate_caches_for_event` never invalidates the `have_seen_event` cache even when it does run.

Because we were using the `@cachedList` wrong, it was putting items in the cache under keys like `((room_id, event_id),)` with a `set` in a `set` (ex. `(('!TnCIJPKzdQdUlIyXdQ:test', '$Iu0eqEBN7qcyF1S9B3oNB3I91v2o5YOgRNPwi_78s-k'),)`) and we we're trying to invalidate with just `(room_id, event_id)` which did nothing.

Discovered while working on https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/13589 and I had all the messages at the same timestamp in the tests.

Part of https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3030

Complement tests: https://github.com/matrix-org/complement/pull/457

Instrument the federation/backfill part of `/messages` so it's easier to follow what's going on in Jaeger when viewing a trace.

Split out from https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/13440

Follow-up from https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/13368

Part of https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13356

Events can be un-rejected or newly-rejected during resync, so ensure we update
the database and caches when that happens.

Still maintains local in memory lookup optimisation, but does any external
lookup as part of the deferred that prevents duplicate lookups for the same
event at once. This makes the assumption that fetching from an external
cache is a non-zero load operation.

Make sure that we only pull out events from the db once they have no
prev-events with partial state.

Fix race conditions in the async cache invalidation logic, by separating
the async & local invalidation calls and ensuring any async call i
executed first.

Signed off by Nick @ Beeper (@Fizzadar).

This reverts commit 5d4028f217.

More prep work for asyncronous caching, also makes all process_replication_rows methods consistent (presence handler already is so).

Signed off by Nick @ Beeper (@Fizzadar)

Some experimental prep work to enable external event caching based on #9379 & #12955. Doesn't actually move the cache at all, just lays the groundwork for async implemented caches.

Signed off by Nick @ Beeper (@Fizzadar)

* Replace `get_new_events_for_appservice` with `get_all_new_events_stream`

The functions were near identical and this brings the AS worker closer
to the way federation senders work which can allow for multiple workers
to handle AS traffic.

* Pull received TS alongside events when processing the stream

This avoids an extra query -per event- when both federation sender
and appservice pusher process events.

event_edges.room_id is implied by the event id, so there is no need to join on the room id.

My server is currently OOMing in the middle of have_seen_events, so let's try
to fix that.

I've seen a few errors which can only plausibly be explained by the calculated
event id for an event being different from the ID of the event in the
database. It should be cheap to check this, so let's do so and raise an
exception.

Multiple calls to `EventsWorkerStore._get_events_from_cache_or_db` can
reuse the same database fetch, which is initiated by the first call.
Ensure that cancelling the first call doesn't cancel the other calls
sharing the same database fetch.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@element.io>

When we join a room via the faster-joins mechanism, we end up with "partial
state" at some points on the event DAG. Many parts of the codebase need to
wait for the full state to load. So, we implement a mechanism to keep track of
which events have partial state, and wait for them to be fully-populated.

Implements matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals#2815

Signed-off-by: Tulir Asokan <tulir@maunium.net>

We work through all the events with partial state, updating the state at each
of them. Once it's done, we recalculate the state for the whole room, and then
mark the room as having complete state.

If we're missing most of the events in the room state, then we may as well call the /state endpoint, instead of individually requesting each and every event.

* `@cached` can now take an `uncached_args` which is an iterable of names to not use in the cache key.
* Requires `@cached`, @cachedList` and `@lru_cache` to use keyword arguments for clarity.
* Asserts that keyword-only arguments in cached functions are not accepted. (I tested this briefly and I don't believe this works properly.)

When we get a partial_state response from send_join, store information in the
database about it:
 * store a record about the room as a whole having partial state, and stash the
   list of member servers too.
 * flag the join event itself as having partial state
 * also, for any new events whose prev-events are partial-stated, note that
   they will *also* be partial-stated.

We don't yet make any attempt to interpret this data, so API calls (and a bunch
of other things) are just going to get incorrect data.

If the latest event in a thread was edited than the original
event content was included in bundled aggregation for
threads instead of the edited event content.

* Push `get_room_{min,max_stream_ordering}` into StreamStore

Both implementations of this are identical, so we may as well push it down and
get rid of the abstract base class nonsense.

* Remove redundant `StreamStore` class

This is empty now

* Remove redundant `get_current_events_token`

This was an exact duplicate of `get_room_max_stream_ordering`, so let's get rid
of it.

* newsfile

This reverts commit 158d73ebdd.

Revert "Sort internal changes in changelog"
Revert "Update CHANGES.md"
Revert "1.49.0rc1"
Revert "Revert "Move `glob_to_regex` and `re_word_boundary` to `matrix-python-common` (#11505) (#11527)"
Revert "Refactors in `_generate_sync_entry_for_rooms` (#11515)"
Revert "Correctly register shutdown handler for presence workers (#11518)"
Revert "Fix `ModuleApi.looping_background_call` for non-async functions (#11524)"
Revert "Fix 'delete room' admin api to work on incomplete rooms (#11523)"
Revert "Correctly ignore invites from ignored users (#11511)"
Revert "Fix the test breakage introduced by #11435 as a result of concurrent PRs (#11522)"
Revert "Stabilise support for MSC2918 refresh tokens as they have now been merged into the Matrix specification. (#11435)"
Revert "Save the OIDC session ID (sid) with the device on login (#11482)"
Revert "Add admin API to get some information about federation status (#11407)"
Revert "Include bundled aggregations in /sync and related fixes (#11478)"
Revert "Move `glob_to_regex` and `re_word_boundary` to `matrix-python-common` (#11505)"
Revert "Update backward extremity docs to make it clear that it does not indicate whether we have fetched an events' `prev_events` (#11469)"
Revert "Support configuring the lifetime of non-refreshable access tokens separately to refreshable access tokens. (#11445)"
Revert "Add type hints to `synapse/tests/rest/admin` (#11501)"
Revert "Revert accidental commits to develop."
Revert "Newsfile"
Revert "Give `tests.server.setup_test_homeserver` (nominally!) the same behaviour"
Revert "Move `tests.utils.setup_test_homeserver` to `tests.server`"
Revert "Convert one of the `setup_test_homeserver`s to `make_test_homeserver_synchronous`"
Revert "Disambiguate queries on `state_key` (#11497)"
Revert "Comments on the /sync tentacles (#11494)"
Revert "Clean up tests.storage.test_appservice (#11492)"
Revert "Clean up `tests.storage.test_main` to remove use of legacy code. (#11493)"
Revert "Clean up `tests.test_visibility` to remove legacy code. (#11495)"
Revert "Minor cleanup on recently ported doc pages  (#11466)"
Revert "Add most of the missing type hints to `synapse.federation`. (#11483)"
Revert "Avoid waiting for zombie processes in `synctl stop` (#11490)"
Revert "Fix media repository failing when media store path contains symlinks (#11446)"
Revert "Add type annotations to `tests.storage.test_appservice`. (#11488)"
Revert "`scripts-dev/sign_json`: support for signing events (#11486)"
Revert "Add MSC3030 experimental client and federation API endpoints to get the closest event to a given timestamp (#9445)"
Revert "Port wiki pages to documentation website (#11402)"
Revert "Add a license header and comment. (#11479)"
Revert "Clean-up get_version_string (#11468)"
Revert "Link background update controller docs to summary (#11475)"
Revert "Additional type hints for config module. (#11465)"
Revert "Register the login redirect endpoint for v3. (#11451)"
Revert "Update openid.md"
Revert "Remove mention of OIDC certification from Dex (#11470)"
Revert "Add a note about huge pages to our Postgres doc (#11467)"
Revert "Don't start Synapse master process if `worker_app` is set (#11416)"
Revert "Expose worker & homeserver as entrypoints in `setup.py` (#11449)"
Revert "Bundle relations of relations into the `/relations` result. (#11284)"
Revert "Fix `LruCache` corruption bug with a `size_callback` that can return 0 (#11454)"
Revert "Eliminate a few `Any`s in `LruCache` type hints (#11453)"
Revert "Remove unnecessary `json.dumps` from `tests.rest.admin` (#11461)"
Revert "Merge branch 'master' into develop"

This reverts commit 26b5d2320f.
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changes made to e713855dca.

We're going to add a `state_key` column to the `events` table, so we need to
add some disambiguation to queries which use it.

MSC3030: https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3030

Client API endpoint. This will also go and fetch from the federation API endpoint if unable to find an event locally or we found an extremity with possibly a closer event we don't know about.
```
GET /_matrix/client/unstable/org.matrix.msc3030/rooms/<roomID>/timestamp_to_event?ts=<timestamp>&dir=<direction>
{
    "event_id": ...
    "origin_server_ts": ...
}
```

Federation API endpoint:
```
GET /_matrix/federation/unstable/org.matrix.msc3030/timestamp_to_event/<roomID>?ts=<timestamp>&dir=<direction>
{
    "event_id": ...
    "origin_server_ts": ...
}
```

Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>

Also refactor the stream ID trackers/generators a bit and try to
document them better.