synapse/synapse/storage/databases/main/monthly_active_users.py

# Copyright 2018 New Vector
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import logging
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, cast

from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import wrap_as_background_process
from synapse.storage.database import (
    DatabasePool,
    LoggingDatabaseConnection,
    LoggingTransaction,
    make_in_list_sql_clause,
)
from synapse.storage.databases.main.registration import RegistrationWorkerStore
from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
from synapse.util.threepids import canonicalise_email

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from synapse.server import HomeServer

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Number of msec of granularity to store the monthly_active_user timestamp
# This means it is not necessary to update the table on every request
LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY = 60 * 60 * 1000


class MonthlyActiveUsersWorkerStore(RegistrationWorkerStore):
    def __init__(
        self,
        database: DatabasePool,
        db_conn: LoggingDatabaseConnection,
        hs: "HomeServer",
    ):
        super().__init__(database, db_conn, hs)
        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
        self.hs = hs

        if hs.config.redis.redis_enabled:
            # If we're using Redis, we can shift this update process off to
            # the background worker
            self._update_on_this_worker = hs.config.worker.run_background_tasks
        else:
            # If we're NOT using Redis, this must be handled by the master
            self._update_on_this_worker = hs.get_instance_name() == "master"

        self._limit_usage_by_mau = hs.config.server.limit_usage_by_mau
        self._max_mau_value = hs.config.server.max_mau_value

        self._mau_stats_only = hs.config.server.mau_stats_only

        if self._update_on_this_worker:
            # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
            self.db_pool.new_transaction(
                db_conn,
                "initialise_mau_threepids",
                [],
                [],
                [],
                self._initialise_reserved_users,
                hs.config.server.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[: self._max_mau_value],
            )

    @cached(num_args=0)
    async def get_monthly_active_count(self) -> int:
        """Generates current count of monthly active users

        Returns:
            Number of current monthly active users
        """

        def _count_users(txn: LoggingTransaction) -> int:
            # Exclude app service users
            sql = """
                SELECT COUNT(*)
                FROM monthly_active_users
                    LEFT JOIN users
                    ON monthly_active_users.user_id=users.name
                WHERE (users.appservice_id IS NULL OR users.appservice_id = '');
            """
            txn.execute(sql)
            (count,) = cast(Tuple[int], txn.fetchone())
            return count

        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)

    @cached(num_args=0)
    async def get_monthly_active_count_by_service(self) -> Mapping[str, int]:
        """Generates current count of monthly active users broken down by service.
        A service is typically an appservice but also includes native matrix users.
        Since the `monthly_active_users` table is populated from the `user_ips` table
        `config.appservice.track_appservice_user_ips` must be set to `true` for this
        method to return anything other than native matrix users.

        Returns:
            A mapping between app_service_id and the number of occurrences.

        """

        def _count_users_by_service(txn: LoggingTransaction) -> Dict[str, int]:
            sql = """
                SELECT COALESCE(appservice_id, 'native'), COUNT(*)
                FROM monthly_active_users
                LEFT JOIN users ON monthly_active_users.user_id=users.name
                GROUP BY appservice_id;
            """

            txn.execute(sql)
            result = cast(List[Tuple[str, int]], txn.fetchall())
            return dict(result)

        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
            "count_users_by_service", _count_users_by_service
        )

    async def get_monthly_active_users_by_service(
        self, start_timestamp: Optional[int] = None, end_timestamp: Optional[int] = None
    ) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
        """Generates list of monthly active users and their services.
        Please see "get_monthly_active_count_by_service" docstring for more details
        about services.

        Arguments:
            start_timestamp: If specified, only include users that were first active
                at or after this point
            end_timestamp: If specified, only include users that were first active
                at or before this point

        Returns:
            A list of tuples (appservice_id, user_id). "native" is emitted as the
            appservice for users that don't come from appservices (i.e. native Matrix
            users).

        """
        if start_timestamp is not None and end_timestamp is not None:
            where_clause = 'WHERE "timestamp" >= ? and "timestamp" <= ?'
            query_params = [start_timestamp, end_timestamp]
        elif start_timestamp is not None:
            where_clause = 'WHERE "timestamp" >= ?'
            query_params = [start_timestamp]
        elif end_timestamp is not None:
            where_clause = 'WHERE "timestamp" <= ?'
            query_params = [end_timestamp]
        else:
            where_clause = ""
            query_params = []

        def _list_users(txn: LoggingTransaction) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
            sql = f"""
                    SELECT COALESCE(appservice_id, 'native'), user_id
                    FROM monthly_active_users
                    LEFT JOIN users ON monthly_active_users.user_id=users.name
                    {where_clause};
                """

            txn.execute(sql, query_params)
            return cast(List[Tuple[str, str]], txn.fetchall())

        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction("list_users", _list_users)

    async def get_registered_reserved_users(self) -> List[str]:
        """Of the reserved threepids defined in config, retrieve those that are associated
        with registered users

        Returns:
            User IDs of actual users that are reserved
        """
        users = []

        for tp in self.hs.config.server.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[
            : self.hs.config.server.max_mau_value
        ]:
            user_id = await self.hs.get_datastores().main.get_user_id_by_threepid(
                tp["medium"], canonicalise_email(tp["address"])
            )
            if user_id:
                users.append(user_id)

        return users

    @cached(num_args=1)
    async def user_last_seen_monthly_active(self, user_id: str) -> Optional[int]:
        """
        Checks if a given user is part of the monthly active user group

        Arguments:
            user_id: user to add/update

        Return:
            Timestamp since last seen, None if never seen
        """

        return await self.db_pool.simple_select_one_onecol(
            table="monthly_active_users",
            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
            retcol="timestamp",
            allow_none=True,
            desc="user_last_seen_monthly_active",
        )

    @wrap_as_background_process("reap_monthly_active_users")
    async def reap_monthly_active_users(self) -> None:
        """Cleans out monthly active user table to ensure that no stale
        entries exist.
        """

        def _reap_users(txn: LoggingTransaction, reserved_users: List[str]) -> None:
            """
            Args:
                reserved_users: reserved users to preserve
            """

            thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)

            in_clause, in_clause_args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
                self.database_engine, "user_id", reserved_users
            )

            txn.execute(
                "DELETE FROM monthly_active_users WHERE timestamp < ? AND NOT %s"
                % (in_clause,),
                [thirty_days_ago] + in_clause_args,
            )

            if self._limit_usage_by_mau:
                # If MAU user count still exceeds the MAU threshold, then delete on
                # a least recently active basis.
                # Note it is not possible to write this query using OFFSET due to
                # incompatibilities in how sqlite and postgres support the feature.
                # Sqlite requires 'LIMIT -1 OFFSET ?', the LIMIT must be present,
                # while Postgres does not require 'LIMIT', but also does not support
                # negative LIMIT values. So there is no way to write it that both can
                # support

                # Limit must be >= 0 for postgres
                num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove = max(
                    self._max_mau_value - len(reserved_users), 0
                )

                # It is important to filter reserved users twice to guard
                # against the case where the reserved user is present in the
                # SELECT, meaning that a legitimate mau is deleted.
                sql = """
                    DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
                    WHERE user_id NOT IN (
                        SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
                        WHERE NOT %s
                        ORDER BY timestamp DESC
                        LIMIT ?
                    )
                    AND NOT %s
                """ % (
                    in_clause,
                    in_clause,
                )

                query_args = (
                    in_clause_args
                    + [num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove]
                    + in_clause_args
                )
                txn.execute(sql, query_args)

            # It seems poor to invalidate the whole cache. Postgres supports
            # 'Returning' which would allow me to invalidate only the
            # specific users, but sqlite has no way to do this and instead
            # I would need to SELECT and the DELETE which without locking
            # is racy.
            # Have resolved to invalidate the whole cache for now and do
            # something about it if and when the perf becomes significant
            self._invalidate_all_cache_and_stream(
                txn, self.user_last_seen_monthly_active
            )
            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_monthly_active_count, ())

        reserved_users = await self.get_registered_reserved_users()
        await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
            "reap_monthly_active_users", _reap_users, reserved_users
        )

    def _initialise_reserved_users(
        self, txn: LoggingTransaction, threepids: List[dict]
    ) -> None:
        """Ensures that reserved threepids are accounted for in the MAU table, should
        be called on start up.

        Args:
            txn:
            threepids: List of threepid dicts to reserve
        """
        assert (
            self._update_on_this_worker
        ), "This worker is not designated to update MAUs"

        # XXX what is this function trying to achieve?  It upserts into
        # monthly_active_users for each *registered* reserved mau user, but why?
        #
        #  - shouldn't there already be an entry for each reserved user (at least
        #    if they have been active recently)?
        #
        #  - if it's important that the timestamp is kept up to date, why do we only
        #    run this at startup?

        for tp in threepids:
            user_id = self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(txn, tp["medium"], tp["address"])

            if user_id:
                is_support = self.is_support_user_txn(txn, user_id)
                if not is_support:
                    # We do this manually here to avoid hitting https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6791
                    self.db_pool.simple_upsert_txn(
                        txn,
                        table="monthly_active_users",
                        keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                        values={"timestamp": int(self._clock.time_msec())},
                    )
            else:
                logger.warning("mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp)

    async def upsert_monthly_active_user(self, user_id: str) -> None:
        """Updates or inserts the user into the monthly active user table, which
        is used to track the current MAU usage of the server

        Args:
            user_id: user to add/update
        """
        assert (
            self._update_on_this_worker
        ), "This worker is not designated to update MAUs"

        # Support user never to be included in MAU stats. Note I can't easily call this
        # from upsert_monthly_active_user_txn because then I need a _txn form of
        # is_support_user which is complicated because I want to cache the result.
        # Therefore I call it here and ignore the case where
        # upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly from
        # _initialise_reserved_users reasoning that it would be very strange to
        #  include a support user in this context.

        is_support = await self.is_support_user(user_id)
        if is_support:
            return

        await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
            "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn, user_id
        )

    def upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(
        self, txn: LoggingTransaction, user_id: str
    ) -> None:
        """Updates or inserts monthly active user member

        We consciously do not call is_support_txn from this method because it
        is not possible to cache the response. is_support_txn will be false in
        almost all cases, so it seems reasonable to call it only for
        upsert_monthly_active_user and to call is_support_txn manually
        for cases where upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly,
        like _initialise_reserved_users

        In short, don't call this method with support users. (Support users
        should not appear in the MAU stats).

        Args:
            txn:
            user_id: user to add/update
        """
        assert (
            self._update_on_this_worker
        ), "This worker is not designated to update MAUs"

        # Am consciously deciding to lock the table on the basis that is ought
        # never be a big table and alternative approaches (batching multiple
        # upserts into a single txn) introduced a lot of extra complexity.
        # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3854 for more
        self.db_pool.simple_upsert_txn(
            txn,
            table="monthly_active_users",
            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
            values={"timestamp": int(self._clock.time_msec())},
        )

        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_monthly_active_count, ())
        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
            txn, self.get_monthly_active_count_by_service, ()
        )
        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
            txn, self.user_last_seen_monthly_active, (user_id,)
        )

    async def populate_monthly_active_users(self, user_id: str) -> None:
        """Checks on the state of monthly active user limits and optionally
        add the user to the monthly active tables

        Args:
            user_id: the user_id to query
        """
        assert (
            self._update_on_this_worker
        ), "This worker is not designated to update MAUs"

        if self._limit_usage_by_mau or self._mau_stats_only:
            # Trial users and guests should not be included as part of MAU group
            is_guest = await self.is_guest(user_id)
            if is_guest:
                return
            is_trial = await self.is_trial_user(user_id)
            if is_trial:
                return

            last_seen_timestamp = await self.user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
            now = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()

            # We want to reduce to the total number of db writes, and are happy
            # to trade accuracy of timestamp in order to lighten load. This means
            # We always insert new users (where MAU threshold has not been reached),
            # but only update if we have not previously seen the user for
            # LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY ms
            if last_seen_timestamp is None:
                # In the case where mau_stats_only is True and limit_usage_by_mau is
                # False, there is no point in checking get_monthly_active_count - it
                # adds no value and will break the logic if max_mau_value is exceeded.
                if not self._limit_usage_by_mau:
                    await self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
                else:
                    count = await self.get_monthly_active_count()
                    if count < self._max_mau_value:
                        await self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
            elif now - last_seen_timestamp > LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY:
                await self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)